Citation Style Guide
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Following is a list of citation examples, from prominent style guides,
that can be used for writing papers and completing assignments. Choose the citation style assigned by your professor.
(NOTE: Print editions of the major style manuals are available at the Research Help Desk)
Modern Language Association (MLA)
(Literature, Arts, Humanities)
Book by a single author
Format: Author's last name, first name.
Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publisher name, Date of publication.
Example: Staff, Frank. The Valentine & Its Origins. New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1969.
Article in a periodical
Format: Author's name. "Title of
the article." Journal Title volume number (Date of
publication): pages.
Example: Fuller, Graham. "Brute
Force." Film Comment 39 (2000): 35-37.
Articles / websites found online
Format: Author's name. "Title of
the website article." Title of the entire website. Date of
document or date of last revision, if known. Website URL (Date of access).
Example: Burka, Lauren P. "A Hypertext History of Multi-User Dimensions." MUD
History. 1993. http://www.utopia.com/talent/lpb/muddex/essay (2 Aug. 1996).
Articles found via online database
Format: Author's last name, first
name. "Title of article." Title of Publication. Edition number
and/or date of publication. Name of electronic database. Name
of online service provider. (Date accessed).
Example: Warren, Christopher. "Working to Ensure a Secure and
Comprehensive Peace in the Middle East." U.S. Dept. of State
Dispatch 7:14, 1 Apr. 1996. Academic Search. EBSCOHost.
(12 Aug. 1996).
Other MLA web and print style guides
SU University Writing Center
MLA For Students - Camtasia Tutorial
Two Major Citation Styles (Eastern Washington University) - choose MLA Flash Tutorial
MLA Style Electronic Formats (Guffey)
Modern Language Association (MLA) Format (Purdue University)
PRINT: MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers (5th ed.)
Ready Reference LB 2369 .G53 1999
American Psychological Association (APA)
(Psychology, Education, Social Sciences)
Book by a single author
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the book.
Place of Publication: Publisher name.
Example: Staff, F.E. (1969).
The Valentine & Its Origins. New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
Article from a journal
With a DOI
(Online or Hardcopy)
(See
below for an explanation of DOI)
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article.
Journal title, volume number (issue
number), pages. DOI number.
Example: Ke, F., & Hoadley, C.
(2009). Evaluating online learning communities. Educational
Technology Research & Development, 57(4), 487-510.
doi:10.1007/s11423-009-9120-2
Without a DOI
(Hardcopy)
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article.
Journal title, volume number (issue
number), pages.
Example:
Carter, K. (1995).
Teaching stories and local understandings.
Journal of
Educational Research, 88(6),
326-330.
Without a DOI
(Database or Website)
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article.
Journal title, volume number (issue
number), pages. Retrieved from website
Example: Goral, T. (2009). The
Sustainable Learning Community. University Business,
12(7), 18. Retrieved from http://www.universitybusiness.com/
Article from a magazine
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Journal
Title, volume number(issue), pages.
Example: Zimmer, C. (2009,
July/August). The Brain.
Discover, 30(7),
24-25.
Article from a newspaper
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of publication). Title of the article. Newspaper
Title, pages. Discontinuous pages are
separated by commas
Example:
Poirot, C. (2004, March 17). HIV prevention pill goes beyond
'morning after'. The Hartford Courant, pp. F1, F6.
Websites
Format: Author's last name,
Initial(s). (Date of document or date of last revision, if
known). Title of the website/article. Retrieved date of web
retrieval, from URL.
Example:
Burka, L. P. (1993). A hypertext history of multi-user
dimensions. Retrieved August 2, 2007, from http://www.csun.edu/~hceng028/m-hist.txt.
DOI: Digital Object Identifier
The DOI is a set of numbers and/or letters given to individual journal articles.
-
You should include the
DOI for articles retrieved online or from hardcopy
-
The database might give
the DOI in the citation section. If not, then you may find
it at the top or bottom of the first page
-
When you have a DOI, you
do not need to include the web address
-
When you do not have a DOI,
you must include the URL of the journal's homepage
from the publisher's website. If this URL is too long, you may use
the publisher's
homepage. You may have to search for this website online.
Do not use the direct URL of the article and do not use the
database name or URL
(exceptions; a dissertation, an ERIC document or older JSTOR
article)
-
Older hardcopy journals
will not have a DOI, so you will cite it without one
Other APA web and print style guides
APA
Exposed (Harvard University Graduate School of Education)
Two
Major Citation Styles (Eastern Washington University) -
choose APA Flash Tutorial
The
APA Interactive Tutorial (Kevin Schoepp)
APA Style Electronic Formats
(Guffey)
American Psychological Association (APA) Format (Purdue
University)
PRINT:
Publication Manual of the American
Psychological Association (6th ed.)
Ready Reference
BF 76.7
.P83 2010
Turabian /
Chicago Manual of Style
(History, some Science Disciplines)
Book by a single author
Format: Author's last name, First
(and middle) name(s). Date of publication. Title of book. Place of publication: Publisher name.
Example:
Staff, Frank Edward. 1969. The Valentine & Its Origins.
New York: Frederick A. Praeger.
Article in a periodical
Format: Author's last name, First
(and middle) name(s). Date of publication. Title of the article. Journal Title
volume number (Month): pages.
Example:
Fuller, Graham T. (2000). Brute Force. Film Comment 36
(Sept/Oct): 35- 37.
"The only electronic works covered by Turabian are
electronic documents from ERIC (p. 210) and online technical
reports (p.227-29). No examples are given of Internet sites or
articles from full-text online databases. Therefore, the
following citations are based on Chicago Manual 15th ed. Note:
When citing electronic materials, Chicago Manual states that an
access date need only be included "If the publisher or
discipline requires it..." (p. 754). " - Available from < http://www.lib.usm.edu/~instruct/guides/turabian.html>.
[June 13th, 2005].
Articles / websites found online
Format: Author's last name, First
(and middle) name(s). Title of website article. Date of document or last revision, if known. Internet online.
Available from <URL of website>. [Date of access].
Example:
Burka, Lauren P. A hypertext history of multi-user dimensions.
Internet online. Available from
<http://www.utopia.com/talent/ lpb/muddex/essay>. [2 Aug. 1996].
Articles found via online database
Format: Author's last name, First
name Middle Initial(s). "Title of the article." Journal title volume number: issue number. Available from name of
electronic database, name of online
service provider. <URL of electronic database>. [Date of
access].
Example:
Warren, Christopher. 1996. "Working to ensure a secure and comprehensive peace in the
Middle East." U.S. Dept. of State Dispatch 7:14. Available from Academic Search,
EBSCOHost. <http://search.epnet.com/login.asp?site=ehost> [12
August, 1996].
Other Turabian / Chicago Manual of Style web and print style guides
Guide to Documenting a Political Science Research Paper
A Guide to Documenting a Political Science Research Paper
(Salisbury University)
Chicago Manual of Style (Turabian) (Colorado State
University)
PRINT: A Manual for Writers of Term Papers, Theses, &
Dissertations (6th ed.)
Ready Reference LB 2369 .T8 1996
Government Publications
Other Online / Electronic Style Guides
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