Thermal
burns:
First degree (pain, redness, swelling):
- Run
cool water over the area for at least 5 minutes
- Do
not apply ointments or salves
- Cover
with a sterile bandage
Second
degree burns (red skin, blisters) or third degree
burns (white or charred
skin):
- Remove
victim from heat source
- Do
not remove clothing unless it easily comes off
- Cover
burns with sterile bandages
- Keep
burns wet
- Do
not apply ointments or salves
- Do
not puncture blisters
- Seek
medical attention immediately
Chemical
burns:
- Remove
contaminated clothing and shoes
- Rinse
the area with water for at least 15 minutes (sink, safety shower or hose
that allows a large quantity of water to cover the affected area).
- DO
NOT apply burn ointments or salves
- Cover
with clean material and seek medical attention.
- For
burns to the eyes, flood eyes with water (eyewash) for at least 15 minutes. Avoid chemicals re-entering the eyes by
washing from the nose out to the ear. Cover eyes with gauze and seek medical attention.
Chemical
ingestion:
- Seek
medical attention immediately
- If
victim is able to swallow, administer water or milk. Do not administer water or milk if victim is nauseated.
- If
victim is unconscious, turn his or her entire body onto their left side. Administer CPR using a mouth-to-mask resuscitator, if possible.
Chemical
inhalation:
- Seek
medical attention immediately.
- Move
victim from the area into fresh air.
- If
victim is breathing, lay him or her flat on their back, loosen clothing,
and maintain airway by:
- Placing
one hand under the neck and lifting
- Placing
the heel of other hand on victim's forehead
- Tilting
his or head backward (maximum extension)
- If
airway needs to be opened further, thrust victim's lower jaw into a jutting-out
position.
- Treat
for any chemical burns
- If
victim is not breathing, perform CPR until medical help arrives. If possible, use a mouth-to-mask resuscitator.
- Severe
wounds/bleeding:
- Seek
medical attention immediately
- Lay
victim down; calm and reassure him or her
- DO
NOT attempt to remove any impaled objects
- Use
a sterile bandage or clean cloth to put direct pressure on the wound. If this does not control bleeding, elevate the wound (above the
heart if possible)
- If
bleeding is severe, cover victim with a blanket and elevate his or her
legs about 1 foot.
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